?ch?rya Dharasena, in first century CE, guided two ?ch?ryas, ?ch?rya Pushpadant and ?ch?rya Bhutabali, to put the teachings of Mahavira in the written form. The two ?ch?ryas wrote, on palm leaves, ?a?kha???gama- among the oldest known Digambara Jain texts. Digambara tradition consider him to be the 33rd teacher in succession of Gautama, 683 years after the nirvana of Mahavira.